Art Students On Business Skills And Entrepreneurship

1. Introduction This chapter describes the background, research purposes, problems, goals, and structure of this project in order to facilitate the reader in obtaining a clearer understanding of this research in the forthcoming chapters. 1.1 Research Background The background of this research is to understand and analyse the demands of the art students on business skills and entrepreneurship. London, as the world s fashion capital, is the best place to learn the arts and has many top art colleges (Fashion.telegraph.co.uk, 2015). This contributed to the fashion industry having a large number of graduates and new resources each year. However, the high tuition fees are not making the fashion industry easily accessible to all of the students. Among them, some of the art students who want to venture into it but there unable to meet the requirements on business knowledge and experience(The Business of Fashion, 2015). Therefore, it’s essential for students to have the necessary background knowledge in business, in order for at students to expand their knowledge and understand, which will help them develop their personal career. 1.2 Research Aim, Questions and Objectives This study’s objective to understand the needs of art students. The main research question is concerned with the art student’ profession, career planning and entrepreneurship issues, to see whether or not they are feasible for the actual research process. In addition, the ultimate aim is to identify andShow MoreRelatedWhat to Do with a Ba in History1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe Value of a Liberal Arts Education When you see the word â€Å"college†, what comes to mind? For most of you, you probably immediately think of partying, drinking, and meeting new people. Those who choose to go to college will have the opportunity to experience the social life, but what you choose to study can control your future. 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Land Use Changes Free Essays

string(293) " the Phase1 of Lekki peninsular whose use have been changed from residential to commercial uses but due to time and limitation of words allowed for this thesis, this write up will focus on the effect of change in land use in the value of Government Estate on Admiralty Way Lekki Phase1 Lagos\." 1. 0 `INTRODUCTION 2. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The trend in property development is not however unconnected with the increased awareness in making the highest and best use of land resources among competing uses. We will write a custom essay sample on Land Use Changes or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Balowe (1978) the term â€Å"landâ€Å" often mean different things depending upon the content in which it is used and the circumstances under which it is considered. Land takes a fundamental significance as a commodity in daily use for multi-various purpose over the years; it has influenced and continues to influence the daily lives of Nigerians as expressed in social, economic and political organization of various communities in Nigeria. However, the property market is an economic mechanism rationing land between competing and occasionally conflicting uses. The mechanism is often modified by State and local Government policies within the context of town planning, social needs and the distribution of income and wealth. As a means of allocating land between different uses, the market has been criticized to be inefficient because it fails to quickly meet up with the urban land uses particularly in the under-developed world. In an increasing cosmopolitan city like Lagos, the state Town Planning and the New Town Development Authority faces an uphill task of responding to the need for a total re-zoning of some residential layout like Lekki phase 1 with a view of increasing the values of private and profitable land uses. The greater the accessibility of a location, the lower the economic cost of movement in terms of distance, time and convenience the greater the comparative advantage and the greater the demand for property in the location. The increasing demand and the decreasing supply of commercial properties are exerting some expected pressure on residential properties in Lagos. Furthermore, the nearness to transport facilities like bus stations, water /sea ways, motorways, good road network services, facilities such as commercial banks, merchant bank, closeness to areas like Victoria Island, Oniru, Ikoyi, Lekki- Epe Expressway and areas on Lagos island where majority of the business activities takes place in Lagos and also its proximity to High income housing has made this area of study(Admiralty way Lekki phase1) more attracting, accessible and thus more profitable for citing of commercial enterprises. This pattern of accessibility is gradually modifying the pattern of Land-use, which is concomitant with the pattern of land values in Lekki. Thus users are able to put the site to its most productive use, would be prepared to pay the highest price or rent to acquire the developed property. The change of residential into commercial land use along the major roads of most government residential layouts in Lagos state has become so inevitable that people are no longer patient enough to wait for the approval of the Planning Authority. With or without approval or rezoning, offices, schools, churches, eateries, retail outlet, event centers etc are spring up in the study area in response to the need for them. The effect of such changes on the property values, its viability and the societal impact of this phenomenon on the area of study (Admiralty Way Lekki Phase1) are the back ground upon which this dissertation is based. 2. 2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Land resources tends to move to users who bid for the most for their control and to those uses that offers the highest return for their utilization. The value of a residential property will most likely increase when it is partly or wholly changed to commercial use. Those issues that come to mind are as follows: 1. What factors are responsible for the change in use from residential to commercial use in the study area? 2. What are the societal vices in the neighourhood? 3. What are the professional imputes from the Lagos State Town Planning Authority and the New Town Planning Authority that are in charge of Lekki axis? 4. What will be the effect of this change in use on the values of properties in the study area? 5. What is the profitability of such changes and should it be encourage or not? This dissertation attempts to provide answers to the above questions with a view to attract the above reactions of the New Town Development Authority, Property Developers, Estate Surveyors, Land Owners and Tenant towards a better understanding of the dynamics of land use and value in a fast growing city like Lagos. 2. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY As stated earlier, the purpose of this study is to proffer solution to the problem outlined in section 1. 2 above and in doing so; I shall critically examine the genesis and impact of change in use in property values in low density layout (Admiralty Way Lekki Phase1). I shall examine how transfer of land to its most profitable use is often frustrated by factors such as: a) The imperfect knowledge of buyers and sellers of the use to which the given property can be put. ) The impor tance of adequate zoning area for commercial activities within government estate c) The time- absorbing and costly process of seeking and acquiring new locations. d) The cost and legal complexity of acquiring properties e) The monopoly power of Town Planning and New Town Development Authorities. In conclusion, I shall establish if the ever increasing incidence of change in use should be encouraged by government. 2. 4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The outcome of this study is expected to create awareness for Lagos state Government through New Town Development Authorities and attract positive reactions from the Lagos State Government Property Development Commission, Estate surveyors, Landlord`s etc in the beneficial utilization of the dynamic of land use and land values in the fast growing city of Lagos , whilst the authority prepare itself for the task of development control, the property owners and occupiers will also plan strategies of reaping the benefit or otherwise of the phenomenon of change- in – use. 2. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY There are numerous residential properties within the Phase1 of Lekki peninsular whose use have been changed from residential to commercial uses but due to time and limitation of words allowed for this thesis, this write up will focus on the effect of change in land use in the value of Government Estate on Admiralty Way Lekki Phase1 Lagos. You read "Land Use Changes" in category "Pape rs" 2. 6 THE STUDY AREA Admiralty way Lekki phase 1 is one of the Lagos State Government Residential Scheme under Eti-Osa Local Government, is an exclusively reserved low density residential area in Lagos. This Layout is accessible in very meaning of the word and enjoys basic infrastructure such as good roads, water, electricity, telephone etc. It is accessible vide Lekki- Epe Express way†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦with well laid out internal roads and flower hedges in wide set- backs. It has a plain topography with good drainage and the set-backs in most properties are adorned with beautiful flowers. Most courtyards in the layout are paved. The posh buildings are of unique architectural design and inviting scenery ion this layout maintains an appreciable degree of quietness. Most buildings are owner occupiers belonging to Elder State Men, Top Civil Servants and successful Businessmen and Women. The average size of a plot of land in this Layout is 800 square metres. 2. 7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The main instrument of data collection for this research was through primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of data involve a field survey of the study area. It includes direct observation by the researcher and oral interviews with property owners and occupants. The secondary source includes facts, which were obtained from previous documented sources such as text books, journals, seminar papers and unpublished dissertations. This helps to establish the theoretical foundation of this study. CHAPTER TWO 2. 0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITEATURE 3. 8 THE CONCEPT OF CHANGE-IN –USE According to Balowe (1965) property development is not a one-for –all time affairs, but a continuous one. This means that property development is dynamic. It calls for adjustment to changing demand and changing technology toward satisfying the needs of a particular segment of users. Lee (1974) argues that changes occurring over time in the use of a neighbourhood, that aging of the residents and the growth and maturity of their children will eventually cause a turnover in the ownership of housing. Smith and Mccann (1981) argues that residential land uses succession theory is permeated by the â€Å"Life Cycleâ€Å" ideals of social ecology but the leading succession models offer conflicting interpretations of the sequence of change that residential areas are believed to pass through. They stress that models have not been substituted by analysis of the complete land use histories of all site in areas of change. Therefore, in their study of Edmonton, from 1961 to 1971, the study shows that life cycle concept has little value as an explanation of residential change in rapidly growing city like Lagos. A study by global environmental changes (2010) supports the conclusion that neither population nor poverty alone constituted the sole and major underlying causes of land use change worldwide. Rather, people`s responses to economic opportunities and constraints for new land uses are created by local as well as national markets and policies. Therefore, global forces become the main determents of land-use changes; as they amplify local factors. However, Ball et all (1998) argues that when land value rise land owners release land for commercial development and also shows the land owners rationality. 3. 9 THE MEANING OF PROPERTY VALUES The word â€Å"Valueâ€Å" does not have a specific and restricted meaning as it may mean different thing to different people. In the words of justice Brandies (1923) Value is a word of many meanings. The royal Institution of Charted Surveyor (RICS) also define value in the following terms â€Å" the best price of which an interest in property might reasonably be expected to be sold by private treaty at the date of valuation assumingâ€Å" a) A willing seller ) A reasonable period in which to negotiate the sale, taking into account the nature of the property and the state of the market. c) Values will remain static throughout the period d) The property will be freely exposed to the market e) No account is to be of an additional bid by a special purchaser As a result of Nigeria`s Colonial af filiation with Great Britain the above definition by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors is adopted by the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NIESV) 3. 0 THE CONCEPT OF RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL USES Residential land use has been the oldest and fundamental among all land uses because shelter is one of the basic needs of man. Hornby (1980) defined residential use as â€Å"serving or used as residence in which one residesâ€Å". Residential use are therefore located in an area zoned mainly for living accommodation with some localized commercial centers to sell good and render services needed by the populace that reside in that area. Whist commercial use is a use involving the buying and selling of goods and services and for which profit is realized. It encompasses office, shops and is a predominant urban feature, which tends to be located at areas of greater accessibility from the city center. Lagos State has been a fast growing developing city like any other major city in Nigeria experience stiff competitions in land uses, particularly the demand of commercial users in fast encroaching and outstripping the effective demand for residential use thus creating imbalance for zoned residential neighourhood. . 11 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CONVERSION OF RESIDENTIAL USES TO COMMERCIAL USES IN THE STUDY AREA Practical observation as found in different cities in Nigeria indicates the economic factors, social factors, physical factors and high competitiveness in land utilization within the commercial nerve centres which results to uncompetitive users seeking for space within the zone of transition are contributors to the cha nge in use of land use patterns. Other notable factors include: 3. 2. 1 POPULATION INCREASE Lagos State is one of the fast growing city in Nigeria with the location of International Airport and Seaport which attracts people from various part of the country and worldwide and directly increases the total population of the people living in the city and thus the total number of people living in Lekki peninsular phase 1 which is one of the medium housing Estate by Lagos State government which was meant to provide sufficient accommodation for people. However, due to day to day increases in population and the paucity of sufficient accommodation to house them in commercial, industrial, education institution etc and in order to settle down and seek their living, property owners are fast converting most residential units in Lekki phase 1(Admiralty way) into commercial units. A drive down the way shows a drastic change from the usual resident units along the road to huge commercial outlet. 3. 12. 2 INSURFICIENT COMMERCIAL CENTRES An overtime observation shows that availability of commercial center along this way and axis around same was not enough to cater for the needs of the residence. In view of this, commercial centres were developed to meet the daily need of the residents but at a point due to development policies, high cost of development, non- availability of land area and land owner rationality, residential property owners tends to give room for conversion of their developed residential property to commercial property. 3. 12. 3 ECONOMIC GAIN Since commercializing properties yield more returns than residential use and due to property owners rationality, they prefer the commercial users by giving face lift to the fabrics of their building through extension, refurbishments, alterations, modifications. tc. These improvements attract commercial users to take advantage of the new structures by paying the newly negotiated rents to occupy them. The rents are luring, so other property owners follow suit and conversion become the order of the day on Admiralty way Lekki Phase1. 3. 12. 4 LOCATION Admiralty way Lekki Phase 1 is an easily accessible way in Lekki Peninsular and to other island`s were most major commercial activities takes place in Lagos State and due to this, commercial centres tends to expand their activities to the study area in order to move closer to their consumers and workers who resides in this axis. This made property owners to convert their residential properties for commercial uses since the location is well accessed to various routes of movement within the axis. 3. 12. 5 HIGH COST OF CONSTURCTING COMMERCIAL BUILDING Construction of purpose built commercial building usual cost a lot of money due to the high cost of building materials and ever increasing Land value. Going by the concept of highest and best use of property, property owners in the study area now prefer to convert their residential property to commercial properties or lease it out. How to cite Land Use Changes, Papers

Solar Air Conditioning free essay sample

Does solar air conditioning really meet the requirements for today’s â€Å"Green Energy† demand; and is it ready to be implemented? Solar air conditioning is any air conditioning system that uses solar power. This can be achieved through passive solar, solar thermal energy conversion and photovoltaic conversion (sunlight to electricity) methods. gt;Passive solar does not use thermal energy to create a cold environment or drive any direct cooling processes. Is implemented by using Cool roofs, that are roofs that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the building) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy), and green roofs or living roofs, which are roofs of buildings that are partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. It may also include additional layers such as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Solar Air Conditioning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Specifying the word green refers to environmentalism and not the color green, as with green roof tiles or roof shingles), using the mechanisms of heat transfer: heat conduction, convective heat transfer, and thermal radiation. gt;Solar thermal energy conversion is implemented mostly in commercial and industrial applications and is encountered in two different types such are: a- Solar open-loop A/C; using air passing over solid desiccants (like silica gel or zeolite) to remove moisture from the air to allow an efficient evaporative cooling cycle. The desiccant is then regenerated by using solar thermal energy to dehumidify, in a cost-effective, low-energy-consumption, continuously repeating this cycle. A photovoltaic system can power a low-energy air circulation fan, and a motor to slowly rotate a large disk filled with desiccant, as well as to run ventilation systems to minimize energy loss. For heating porpoises, air is passed through an enthalpy wheel (often using silica gel) to reduce the cost of heating ventilated air in the winter by transferring heat from the warm inside air being exhausted to the fresh (but cold) supply air. For liquid type applications, a desiccant like calcium chloride can be mixed with water to create an attractive recirculating waterfall, that dehumidifies a room using solar thermal energy to regenerate the liquid, and a PV-powered low-rate water pump. b- Solar closed-loop absorption and adsorption cooling; the solar air conditioner and solar heater is powered by solar energy collected in the evacuated tube solar thermal panels . The thermal energy collected is then delivered to the solar powered chiller using a Corn Glycol (antifreeze) solution and a system of pipes, pumps, and controls. In the winter, even at below freezing temperatures outside, our evacuated tube solar thermal collectors still produce an abundance of heat. The system can be designed so that this heat is then transferred into your building, either reducing or nearly eliminating the operation of your existing heating system. This means free solar air conditioning in the summer, and free heating in the cold season. The following are common technologies in use for solar thermal closed-loop air conditioning. Absorption: NH3/H2O or Ammonia/Water Absorption: Water/Lithium Bromide Absorption: Water/Lithium Chloride Adsorption: Water/Silica Gel or Water/Zeolite Adsorption: Methanol/Activated Carbon gt; Photovoltaic conversion; These type (sun to electricity) consist of PV (Photo-Voltaic) cells providing electrical energy to run a vapor compression system, mainly for residential porpoises, is also implemented to aid power to some of the components (circulating pumps, fans, ionizers, compressors, etc. ) used in the commercial and industrial systems mentioned before.

The Impact of Current Technological Changes on Healthcare

Introduction Technological development is the greatest trigger of the changes that are being witnessed in the healthcare industry today. Advancement in technology has influenced the manufacture, distribution, and even administration of healthcare equipments and medicine. Professional and academic requirements for healthcare practitioners are also dependent on the current technology.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Impact of Current Technological Changes on Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The medical world is now full of machines and bioengineered equipments that require a certain degree of technological proficiency to operate. Moreover, technology has also empowered customers to seek and access their healthcare rights and information. Customers can now use current technology to assess the credentials of medical practitioners. Negligence and errors in medical treatment that were witnessed befo re the inception of modern technology have reduced. With this hint in mind, there is a need research more on the impact that technological advancement has had on healthcare. Besides, there is a call for further research on how such technological changes have altered healthcare education and labor requirements in the health sector. The paper therefore provides a framework/plan for a case study final paper on this subject with four chapters each providing a detailed scrutiny of the issue under study. Primary sources such as statistical findings on the subject will be used in the research. Archival documents such as reports, government publications, responses, and reflections on the subject from different stakeholders will also be used. Technology and the Cost of Health care The first chapter will involve a literature search on the impact of technological changes on the cost of health care. The cost of healthcare has also risen in the past few years owing to the adoption of technologic al methods of treatment. In this chapter, the impact of technology on the healthcare financing will be evaluated using relevant literature detailing the same. Chaudhry et al. (2006) are some of the authors with significant work in this area whose work will be reviewed. Medical technology is expensive and hence the high cost of medicine and medical services today. Modern technology has also been credited with the current increased level of accuracy in medical treatment. Cannon in his literary work provides details of the various ways that technology has aided in the compliance to medication for mental health patients (2000). This work will also be reviewed. Medical technology is however expensive. According to Braun et al., this case has not complemented the shortage of medical staff (2013, 1). In fact, one would expect the health care sector to increase staff to seal the gap of the few medical tools (because of its high cost) in a bid to attend to a recommendable number of patients. Nagykaldi and Mold evaluated the role of health information technology on the translation of research into practice, and managed to capture some of the limitations, with cost being a major factor (2007).Advertising Looking for case study on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Teich et al. also duplicated the findings, with their study showing that cost limits the adoption of basic medical technologies (2000). The materials used to make medical equipment are costly. Medical equipment is made with materials that do not react with certain chemicals such as glass. Medical equipment and tools also call for high level of care when handling them. Some modern machines such as the X-ray machines, physiotherapy machines, and life support machines require a high level of maintenance. Housing them also requires specialized facilities and continuous maintenance that is often expensive (Haddad, 2012, p. 149). Despite the cost s, however, the technology has proven to be useful in medicine. Kucher et al. highlight the same in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2005). According to Galas and Hood, medical schools and other health institutions also find it expensive to adapt to new technologies (2009, 4). Growth and development in the health care sector This chapter will highlight some of the important milestones in the health sector in relation to health technology. Kucher et al. illustrate one of the major developments in prevention of thromboembolism (2005), with Cannon stating its usefulness in the medication compliance (2000). However, with the increased medical technology development, the government has also resulted to higher spending in the health sector (Bardhan Thouin, 2012, 443). The benefits of the spending will be weighed against the efficacy of the technology in this chapter. Chaudhry et al. evaluated the benefits over a ten-year period, with benefits being weighed against the costs if t echnology in healthcare (2006, 743). The growth in the industry will be evaluated in terms of mechanization and in the solid facilities housing the machines. According to Haddad, these have also seen significant developments (2012). Most of the major technological developments in the health industry have been in the health information system, and this is commensurate with the global advances in information technology. The study by Nagykaldi and Mold will be important in this chapter to highlight these developments (2007). More people are in health insurance schemes, which make it easy for them to access modern health care. This may be one way of making technology affordable to them. Some researchers have defines the medical costs in the industry (Teich et al., 2000). This work will also be evaluated here. The use of modern aircraft and medical ambulance boats has enabled faster rescue missions in case of a disaster.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Imp act of Current Technological Changes on Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reproductive health has also benefitted from the emergency response (Somigliana et al., 2011, 1152). Such equipment is fitted with modern communication gadgets that enable quick medical response in case of an emergency. This has resulted in the expansive growth in the sector. Impacts of the current technology on health education and labor requirements This chapter will deal with the relevance of technological advances in the health sector to the labor requirements and in health education. Modern technology and medical informatics are quickly taking over some of the traditional roles that were played by medical practitioners (Korzep, 2010, 354). Teich et al. state that the availability of medical information on the internet means more patients are seeking treatment at an earlier stage of diseases. This case has propelled costs downwards (2000). Some of the other researchers’ work that also upholds this view will be evaluated such as Chaudhry et al. (2006) and Kucher et al. (2005). Procedures of treatment diseases are all over the internet pages. Therefore, in case of an error in treatment, medical practitioners quickly find themselves in court and eventually in jail for negligence and incompetence. Despite the developments in the health technology, the medical practitioners remain the primary healthcare providers. Machines will not replace them any time soon. However, mechanization has led to the reduction in the number of personnel required to perform certain procedures as evidenced in some of the literary works to be reviewed (Nagykaldi Mold, 2007; Haddad, 2012). This will be discussed in this chapter in relation to the labor laws. Well-documented health records on computers are quickly replacing the period of bad handwriting of doctors (Dhillon, 2011, 397). Health database can now be retrieved from medical health data b ank in most of the modern hospitals. Although the presence of more informed patients will affect labor requirements in medical field, some of the roles will remain. Regardless of the point of prescription or diagnostics, the patients for surgery will still have to see a surgeon. However, the role of the medical doctor and the medical health practitioner are far from being downsized or replaced. Medical technology will result in the development of new jobs. Training of medical practitioners will also become easier with technology. Technology comes with speedy changes. Therefore, practitioners will be forced to concessionary go back to college for more training and refresher courses.Advertising Looking for case study on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, with the coming of personal genomics treatments, computerized systems will be used to select specific medicine for particular patients by their DNA. Such a move will necessitate the acquisition of particular computerized technology by health practitioners. Cannon details some of the changes in the industry especially in the dispensing of drugs (2000). Sustainability of Health technology In this chapter, an evaluation of the sustainability of the existing health technology will be evaluated. Over time, smaller, better, and more sophisticated machines have always replaced most of the technological innovations in different fields. The health industry is no exception. Researchers are always looking for better interventions (Chaudhry et al., 2006; Kucher et al., 2005). In this section, a review of the likely changes will be done. Some of these are available in the recommendations of the researches that will be reviewed (Cannon, 2000; Haddad, 2012). In their research, Nagykal di and Mold state that technology is dynamic and will change in line with the prevailing innovations (2007). The sustainability of such changes and the existing technological milestones will therefore be reviewed in this section. Reference List Bardhan, Indranil, and Mark Thouin.†Health information technology and its impact on the quality and cost of healthcare delivery.†Decision Support Systems 55, no. 2 (May 2013): 438-449. Braun, Rebecca, Caricia Catalani, Julian Wimbush, and Dennis Israelski. â€Å"Community Health Workers and Mobile Technology: A Systematic Review of the Literature.† Plos ONE 8, no. 6 (May 2013): 1-6. Cannon, Dale and Allen Steveb. â€Å"Comparison of the effects of computer and manual reminders on compliance with a mental health clinical practice guideline.† Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 7, no. 2(may2000):196-203. Chaudhry, Basit, Wang Jerome, Wu Shinyi, Maglione Margaret, Mojica Walter, Roth Elizabeth, Morto n Sally, and Shekelle Paul. â€Å"Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency and cost of medical care.† Annals of Internal Medicine 12, no.144 (June 2006): 742-753. Dhillon, Sigh. â€Å"Medical Equipment Reliability: a review, analysis methods and improvement strategies.† International Journal Of Reliability, Quality Safety Engineering 18, no. 4 (June 2011): 391-403. Galas, David, and Leroy Hood. â€Å"Systems Biology and Emerging Technologies Will Catalyze the Transition from Reactive Medicine to Predictive, Personalized, Preventive and Participatory (P4) Medicine.† Interdisciplinary Bio Central 1, no. 1 (March 2009): 1-4. Haddad, Tamer. â€Å"The Applicability of Total Productive Maintenance for Healthcare Facilities: an Implementation Methodology.† International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology 2, no. 2 (March 2012): 148. Korzep, Karen. â€Å"The future of technology and the effect it may have on r eplacing human jobs.† Technology Health Care 18, no. 4/5 (August 2010): 353-358. Nagykaldi, Zsolt, and Mold James. â€Å"The role of health information technology in the translation of research into practice: an Oklahoma Physicians Resource/Research Network (OKPRN) study.† Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2, no. 2(June 2007): 188-195. Somigliana, Edgardo, Alice Sabino, Richard Nkurunziza, Emmy Okello, Gianluca Quaglio, Peter Lochoro, Giovanni Putoto, and Fabio Manenti. â€Å"Ambulance service within a comprehensive intervention for reproductive health in remote settings: a cost-effective intervention.† Tropical Medicine International Health 16, no. 9 (January 2011): 1151-1158. Teich, Jonathan, Merchia Pankaj, Schmiz Jennifer, Kuperman Gilad, Spurr Cynthia, and Bates, David. â€Å"Effect of computerized physician order entry on prescribing practices.† Archives of Internal Medicine 1, no. 160 (June 2000): 2741-2747. This case study on The Impact of Current Technological Changes on Healthcare was written and submitted by user Sophie Frye to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Domestication and Spread of the Sweet Potato

Domestication and Spread of the Sweet Potato The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a root crop, probably first domesticated somewhere between the Orinoco river in Venezuela north to the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The oldest sweet potato discovered to date was in the Tres Ventanas cave in the Chilca Canyon region of Peru, ca. 8000 BCE, but it is believed to have been a wild form. Recent genetic research suggests that Ipomoea trifida, native to Colombia, Venezuela, and Costa Rica, is the closest living relative of I. batantas, and maybe its progenitor. The oldest remains of domesticated sweet potato in the Americas were found in Peru, about 2500 BCE. In Polynesia, decidedly Precolumbian sweet potato remains have been found in the Cook Islands by CE 1000-1100, Hawaii by CE 1290-1430, and Easter Island by CE 1525. Sweet potato pollen, phytoliths, and starch residues have been identified in agricultural plots alongside maize in South Auckland. Sweet Potato Transmissions Transmission of the sweet potato around the planet was primarily the work of the Spanish and Portuguese, who got it from the South Americans and spread it to Europe. That doesnt work for Polynesia, though; its too early by 500 years. Scholars generally assume that either seed of the potato were brought to Polynesia by birds such as the Golden Plover that regularly cross the Pacific; or by accidental raft drift by lost sailors from the South American coast. A recent computer simulation study indicates that raft drift is, in fact, a possibility. Source This article on the domestication of sweet potatoes is part of the About.com Guide to Plant Domestications, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Bovell-Benjamin, Adelia. 2007. Sweet potato: A review of its past, present and future role in human nutrition. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 52:1-59. Horrocks, Mark and Ian Lawlor 2006 Plant microfossil analysis of soils from Polynesian Journal of Archaeological Science 33(2):200-217.stonefields in South Auckland, New Zealand. Horrocks, Mark and Robert B. Rechtman 2009 Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and banana (Musa sp.) microfossils in deposits from the Kona Field System, Island of Hawaii. Journal of Archaeological Science 36(5):1115-1126. Horrocks, Mark, Ian W. G. Smith, Scott L. Nichol, and Rod Wallace 2008 Sediment, soil and plant . Journal of Archaeological Science 35(9):2446-2464.microfossil analysis of Maori gardens at Anaura Bay, eastern North Island, New Zealand: comparison with descriptions made in 1769 by Captain Cooks expedition Montenegro, lvaro, Chris Avis, and Andrew Weaver. Modeling the prehistoric arrival of the sweet potato in Polynesia. 2008. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(2):355-367. OBrien, Patricia J. 1972. The Sweet Potato: Its Origin and Dispersal. American Anthropologist 74(3):342-365. Piperno, Dolores R. and Irene Holst. 1998. The Presence of Starch Grains on Prehistoric Stone Tools from the Humid Neotropics: Indications of Early Tuber Use and Agriculture in Panama. Journal of Archaeological Science 35:765-776. Srisuwan, Saranya, Darasinh Sihachakr, and Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev. 2006. The origin and evolution of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) and its wild relatives throughout the cytogenetic approaches. Plant Science 171:424–433. Ugent, Donald and Linda W. Peterson. 1988. Archaeological remains of potato and sweet potato in Peru. Circular of the International Potato Center 16(3):1-10.

Kickstart Your Team’s Project Workflows With 9 Features In CoSchedule

Kickstart Your Team’s Project Workflows With 9 Features In In a perfect world†¦ You and your team move from idea → publish seamlessly. But reality looks more like Managing dozens of spreadsheets. Filled with passwords, usernames, content plans, to-dos, and reports. Daily status meetings to keep everyone in the loopon the newest versions, attachments, etc And picking up the pieces whenmessages get missed, docs become irrelevant, and content goes LIVE before final approval. 😠± Let’s fix this ^^, shall we? Kickstart your team’s project workflows with 9 nifty collaboration features from !   So, you can: Keep everyone on the same page with clear directives. Never wonder â€Å"who’s doing what† or â€Å"where you are† in a project. With , the entire workflow is in one place comments, tasks, content everything! Create the perfect template for your project workflow. Move projects forward with task specific templates. Recycle task templates for future projects and iterates on them as you continue to improve the process! Get approval FASTER! Eliminate the need for constant email reminders, in-person pleading, and messenger notifications! With ’s task approvals (built directly into your team’s workflow) the right folks get notified at the right time when a task is ready for review. Keeping your team’s project on track, transparent, and movin’ forward. Collaborate with the right people at the right time. @Mention specific team members and add contributors on marketing projects. Giving your team the power to collaborate and communicate more effectively without involving (or bugging) others. Never miss (another) crucial detail! Quit worrying that you’ll miss something that needs your attention. The FOMO ends now. Set up your notification settings to stay connected to your projects. And never miss important feedback, an urgent to-do or pending question again. PLUS  get a *sneak peek* into one wicked smart  feature coming in the next few months. Are you ready to get your team more organized than ever? Now’s the time.

Analyzing a Japan-related website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing a Japan-related website - Essay Example No author’s name is provided for the website, but the copyright is attributed to an organization called Japan Tourism Agency. The first thing I noticed about the website is that it is very visually appealing. Red and white are the predominant colors. As the page loads, large images appear and slowly scroll from right to left and then from left to right across the upper 1/3 of the page. A banner remains at the top for navigation purposes. Each of these images is attached to a theme present in the website. The themes are activities, entertainment, accommodations, sightseeing, gourmet and shopping. Scrolling down, each theme is presented by a one sentence teaser that is intended to get you to click on the image to discover more about what is offered in Japan for each theme. The net surfer that would happen upon or seek out this website would come away from the experience with some very specific ideas about what to expect in Japan. The accuracy of these ideas can be called into question based on whether or not you feel that they are portraying a stereotype attached to Japanese culture or individuals. The first of these images is that Japan is a land of great natural resources and natural beauty. The iconic image of Mt. Fuji is one of the first images to appear after the page loads. This is soon followed by images of maple leaves and meditation gardens. Sculpted pathways and other Japanese natural interests (including bonsai) are also featured in the images. The idea that seems to be conveyed is that a central part of any visit to Japan must include the observation of nature. The images seem to be saying that this interaction with nature is a key part of being Japanese and if you are really, truly going to experience Japan, then you must take in Mt. Fuji and all the rest. Another set of images seem to revolve around consumption. Shopping is one of the themes, but consumption of goods

Summary about the Patriot Act Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary about the Patriot Act - Assignment Example The commitment to expanding the Nation.s legal resources was further expanded in a speech to the FBI promising tools to help increase the Bureau’s ability to track suspects and stop terrorism (Bush, 2001, September 25). The USA PATRIOT act was one of the results of these promises. The Patriot Act has been one of the most controversial and debated legislation in the United States for the last decade. The official name of the Patriot Act is the USA PATRIOT Act, an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (H.R. 3162, 2001). As Nunberg (2005) points out, the title of the Patriot Act alone represents a carefully crafted piece of legislation and practically it meant to impact American audience to associate this new law with various positive attributes connected to patriotism. From the legislative perspective, the Patriot Act changes, expands or adds to many existing laws. It normatively expands the power of the presidency, changed the regulations required for gaining permission to use surveillance, altered the regulations required for gaining a warrant, and made it significantly easier for law enforcement agencies to subpoena personal records from a variety of sources (H.R. 3162, 2001) . For instance, the Intelligence Authorization Act for 2004 granted the FBI authority to obtain financial records from various institutions without obtaining a court order. Authorized by Section 2709 (c) of the U. S. A. Patriot Act, the process becomes remarkably simple: the so-called National Security Letter (NSL) is drafted by an FBI field agent and accompanied by his claim that the information sought is relevant to a National security investigation. Virtually unlimited in scope and authority, the letters granted FBI agents authority to retrieve and examine whatever records they felt were pertinent to an investigation. There was no court involvement; there was no

Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

Catcher in the Rye Essay The story takes place in Manhattan and is about a young boy named Holden Caulfield, it is about the learning experience that takes place and how an immature child tried to come to terms with multiple problems. In J. D. Salinger’s bildungsroman, Catcher in the Rye, Salinger utilizes the symbols, the red hunting hat; Allie’s catching mitt, and the ducks in central park to portray the theme that it is impossible to preserve natural innocence. Salinger utilizes the symbol of the red hunting hat to portray Holden’s loss of innocence and travel into adulthood. Firstly, when Holden is first mentioning the hat, â€Å"It only cost me a buck. I wore it, I swung the old peak way round to the back-very corny, I’ll admit but I liked it that way. † (17) Holden is talking about how he bought the hat and just wears it to express his own personality and recognizes that he likes to wear it in different ways. When he is explaining why he purchased the hat, he is trying to make people understand, he is constantly looking for acceptance from his peers and others, yet at the same time he tries to push people away by wearing the hat. This helps show that Holden is on his path to trying to figure out how he can stop the inevitable loss of innocence. Secondly, while walking down the street in the cold Manhattan weather, â€Å"My ears were nice and warm, though. That hat I bought had earlaps in it. And I put them on-I didn’t give a damn how I looked. Nobody was around anyway. † (53) As Holden is walking down the street, all he cares about is what he is feeling at that moment, just trying to stay warm and comfortable not caring about what others think. One can infer here that Holden doesn’t care too much about what others think, while this could be a facade to what he really feels inside, he tries to portray himself not caring about what others think and just wants to be happy. This continues to portray his path down the loss of innocence because as he starts to realize other people’s thoughts matter, he understands that he must give a little for the acceptance of others. Finally, towards the end of the novel when Holden angers Phoebe, â€Å"She wouldn’t answer me. All she did was, she took off my red hunting hat-the one I gave her- and practically chucked it right in my face. Then she turned her back on me again. It nearly killed me. † (207) Phoebe is angered by Holden’s immaturity and his lack of caring for others and crushes Holden’s last spirits toward innocence. With ties to the last person in the world crumbling, Holden begins to finally question his stance on life and must decide whether or not he is going to try and salvage the last relationship or completely isolate himself. Holden realizes that by his sisters actions and her disregard of the hunting hat, that he must grow up and this starts a chain reaction within him that could be a cause of his breakdown but it is unknown, Holden finally comes to terms with this loss of innocence and realizes that there is nothing that he can do to stop it. Allie’s catching mitt is also used in the portrayal of the loss of innocence in Holden and the characters around him. We are first shown the mitt when Holden is doing the composition on the catchers Mitt, â€Å" He had poems written all over the fingers and the pocket and everywhere†¦he wrote them on it so that he’d have something to read when he was in the field and nobody was up to bat. He’s dead now. † (39) This is the first time the reader sees Holden tear up and let some of his emotions get the best of him, he is talking of his dead brother Allie who meant a lot to him. One can infer that this was one of the more important relationships that Holden had and the loss of this relationship causes Holden to feel a series of symptoms and change the way he interacts with people. With the death of his brother Allie, Holden experiences for the first time, the lost of a loved one, one of the few people that he makes attachments with and this causes him to try and preserve the innocence within other children and even adults that he meets on his journey. The next time we see the glove, Holden is recollecting his past memories of Jane, â€Å"She was the only one, outside my family, that I ever showed Allie’s baseball mitt too, with all the poems written on it. † (77) Jane was another person who Holden allowed himself to get close to; he shows this by showing Jane his brother’s mitt. Holden is trying to get Jane close to him so that he can have someone in his life that is pure and cares about him, by showing her the mitt; he is revealing a part of him that no one outside of his family knows about. He sees the innocence in Jane and wants to try and preserve it; he wants to get close to Jane to keep her out of the adult world and not allow her to be corrupted by the world around her. The final time the glove is mentioned, Holden is having a flashback on when D. B. ants to prove a point, â€Å"â€Å"He made Allie go get his baseball mitt and then asked him who was the best war poet, Rupert Brooke or Emily Dickenson. Allie said Emily Dickenson† (140) This is one of the only times we see Allie alive and the whole family, besides Phoebe, together. Allie’s innocence is portrayed through the glove, when D. B. asks him which WWII author was better, one that was in the war or one that never saw a day in the war, Allie answers with the latter. This can be int erpreted as Allie seeing how the other author was not corrupted in the war and her work was more pure.

Experiences In A Society From Cat On A Hot Tin Roof Essay -- essays re

Love, Greed, and the Truth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams is a play about the experiences in society. Among these experiences is death, communication, and honesty amongst men. Big Daddy has everything he needs. Brick got everything he wanted as a child. Yet Big Daddy learns later from Brick that there wasn’t one worldly possession that could satisfy Brick’s yearning for love from his father. Brick understands that the world is so focused on money and physical possessions that he isolates himself from this world. He wanted one thing from the world and his father, love. That is why he doesn’t want the money, land, and blue chip stocks. He just wanted Big Daddy to love him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fear of Death is one of the experiences in a society. Big Daddy talks a little bit about what he thought when it was suggested that he might have cancer. â€Å"A man can’t buy back his life when his life is finished. That’s a sobering thought, a very sobering thought, and that’s a thought that I was turning over in my head, over and over and overuntil today.†(Williams 65) He also moves on to talk about the burden of cancer being lifted. â€Å"I let many chances slip by because of scruples about it, scruples, convention crap†¦All that stuff is bull, bull, bull!It took the shadow of death to make me see it. Now that shadow’s lifted, I’m going to cut loose and have, what is it they call it, have me a b...

Charlotte’s Web by E. B. White: A Story of Grief or Loss Management

1. Identify the book by title and date of print. E. B. White’s book entitled Charlotte’s Web was first printed in 1952. The book I just read, however, was the one that was printed only in 2001 by HarperCollins. 2. Give a brief summary of the story. The story talks of a runt whom an eight-year-old girl named Fern Arable has saved from being slaughtered by her father. Instead of doing away with the young pig, Mr. Arable puts Fern in charge with it, who later gave it the name ‘Wilbur’. However, after being put a few yards away from Fern to her uncle’s home down the road, Wilbur begins to feel lonely because he needs to have a friend. A voice begins to tell Wilbur that he already has a friend. It was Charlotte, a beautiful gray spider that owns a big vocabulary. A number of weeks after, they learned that Zuckerman plans to slaughter Wilbur. Charlotte forms a plan, and in order to save her friend’s life, she begins to spell words and phrases in her web that praise Wilbur, so Zuckerman decides to bring him to the County Fair. Even if Charlotte has been preparing to lay eggs, she accompanies Wilbur to the fair and spins another word that made way for Wilbur to win the special medal and the $25 award. At the county, Charlotte lays a total of 514 eggs, but she is just about to die, so Wilbur takes her egg sac and takes responsibility of her children. He will never forget Charlotte, his first and most remarkable, true friend. 3. Why do you think this book was chosen for Grief Management Class? Why did you choose this book? I think this book was chosen for Grief Management Class because it clearly reveals a way of being able to manage grief or loss. This is evident in the story when Wilbur shows how strong he is by doing something that is beneficial even with the loss of his true friend, Charlotte. Wilbur takes responsibility of Charlotte’s eggs, knowing that it is the only thing available that would surely give joy to Charlotte had she been alive. I chose this book because I like the theme of the story, as it shows that, while being in a state of grief or loss, it would be useless to merely sit or think and act negatively over the incident. We have to be strong inside and out to be able to stand up and take courage to fight. There are ways that we can use to manage grief or loss. 4. What topics, themes, stereotypes, problems, and information would relate to the following grief management issues in Children and Adolescents text readings that are illustrated in the Charlotte’s Web book? There are grief management issues that are being illustrated in the book: (1) In relation to one child with death, the book illustrates that people who are grieving over the loss of a child should be forward-minded and should think about the alternative of coming up with another child who could help take away the feeling of loss or grief. 2) In relation to Children Developmental Tasks, the book shows how parents should develop the mental and emotional beings of their children, and one example is through the use of chores or responsibilities that train them on how to become strong and independent. (3) In relation to death encounters and attitudes during childhood, the book illustrates that, like young Wilbur, children are helpless over personal cases that trigger the feelings of loss or grief; friends and loved ones should accompany them. 4) In relation to death-related concepts in childhood, the book illustrates that, as seen in the episode after Charlotte dies in the story, children are unable to connect death with the reality of how it can affect the future. (5) In relation to children who live in life-threatening illnesses, the book illustrates that they need friends who would accompany them over their defenselessness. Finally, (6) in relation to helping children cope with death and bereavement, the book shows that coping go hand in hand with new focuses and tasks. . What part of the book made the most impact on you and might remain with you? The part of the book that made the most impact and one that might remain with me is the episode when Charlotte dies alone with Wilbur leaving to take her egg sac. At first, I was anxious as to why Wilbur would do such a thing as to leave Charlotte in the county while dying. Later on, I perceived that what Wilbur did was something that Charlotte would have wanted because her friend took responsibility of something that she would not have been able to do. Friendship does not just focus on friends alone. 6. What did you learn from doing this assignment? From this assignment, I learned that grief or loss management cannot be completed without being strong inside and out. It is doing something that is forward-looking, and doing what our lost or departed friends would have wanted all along. I learned that to manage grief or loss, I have to stand up and fight, while making sure that my mental and emotional sides are intact. Having true friends is also an important factor.

Lead Auditors Report on Iso 14001 and Ohsas 18001

Auditees : ____HO s and staff Department : IFC,FEM,HR,KESSB,SSHE,PBB,AH,PH/BS,CARGO ____Date of Audit : _____26TH Nov 2012 – 18th Dec 2012___ Procedure Involved : a) OSH Act 1994 & relevant Regulations b) F&M Act 1967 & relevant Regulations (including BOWEC Reg. 1986) c) OHSAS 18001 Standard d) ISAGO Standards Manual Effective May 2010 2nd Edition e) EMS ISO 14001 StandardAudit Team : 1. En. Meor Badrul Niza bin Ahmad Rafie – Dept :ILS 2. En Amir Syakib Yahya – Dept QAD 3, En. Abdul Razak Sauzi – Dept :QAD 4. En. Zainudin Zaini 5.Cik Nadiah Yahaya| SUMMARY OF AUDITBased on the observation made during this audit, it was noted that KLAS has made a good start-up at launching the OHSAS 18001 and EMS ISO 14001 campaign working towards certification of OHSAS 18001 in 2013 and EMS ISO 14001 in 2014 for example: 1) Workers on site are consistently wearing basic PPE such as Yellow/orange vest and Safety shoes. 2) Almost all workers on site have been SHE inducted. 3 ) Centralised Scheduled Waste store is provided at GSE workshop 4) Consistently and periodically carrying out SHE training such as ERT; Fire fighting and Chemical spill control.However, below are the key improvements that the KLAS team needs to address: 1) To ensure all and every machineries on site are registered before they are used and monthly inspected with upkeep and maintenance done to ensure they are fit to use . 2) Ensure the quality of the inspection carried out is in detail and not just for the sake of inspection. 3) Ensure Security personnel are trained on the Site SHE requirements and they assist by screening employees and give safety briefing to visitors entering the site . ) To ensure all chemical containers are labeled and each chemical shall have its own MSDS and each site shall have its own Chemical Register. The Chemical Register and MSDSs can be placed at the SHE Notice board for easy reference 5) To ensure the scheduled waste management and communication flow is refined and retuned between process owners and scheduled waste store keepers. 6) Accidents and incidents without forgetting near misses are given due attention and investigated thoroughly to prevent future accidents and incidents. ) Compliance to the legal and other requirement are addressed diligently and carefully to avoid unnecessary penalty or hefty summonses. AREA OF CONCERN 1. Ground handling equipments and machineries are in bad shape and require immediate upkeep and maintenance to prevent from accidents and incidents. 2. Manual work involving cargo manual lifting ,distribution and loading or unloading is rampant thus back support PPE is a must unless an engineering control tool is introduced to reduce manual labour. 3.BOMB threat emergency procedure has not been addressed and need to be included in the existing ERP procedure. NON CONFORMANCERefer to CAR listing. | RECOMMENDATIONAs an Auditor, I strongly believe that KLAS Team can excel better than what and where WE currently are and this can be further enhanced by a better and systematic SHE management. | Signature : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Signature : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (Lead Auditor) (Quality Manager)|

Cheating Definition Essays

Cheating Definition Essays Cheating Definition Essay Cheating Definition Essay Is there a solution? : Academic Dishonesty In this twenty-four hours and clip academic dishonesty is no rareness. it largely occurs in the school scenes. When we are in school. we come into difficult state of affairss with prep assignments or trial. As a consequence to that pupils look towards rip offing. With cheating we are seting ourselves at hazard for plagiarism. No affair the regulations and ordinance academic dishonesty is still happening all over. They genuinely need to implement the ordinances on academic dishonesty. because if they do non at that place will neer be a solution if they do non move upon it now. Regulation on academic dishonesty demands to be enforced more because pupils will go on to lie. darnel. and steal their manner through their academic calling. No 1 can state that they have neer cheated on a prep assignment or trial. The truth is that all of us have or has been a portion of academic dishonesty. With all of this rip offing traveling on. pupils are easy bu t certainly destructing their ability to make work on their ain. In the United States. surveies show that 20 % of pupils started rip offing in the first class. October 1998. John Smolik pupil at University Of Texas received an e-mail about a argument on academic cheating on campus. Plenty of the multiple pupil messages dispute that academic cheats merely hurt themselves. The manner I look at it is that pupils merely seek to happen the easy manner out of making an assignment/pass a trial they did non analyze for. Bing a pupil myself there has been infinite times where I have cheated on a prep assignment/test. The consequence of that was because I made the pick of non desiring to analyze or non really making the work myself. In 1963 researched verified that 26 per centum of the pupils on nine campuses. neither of them had a codification of behavior. acquiesce copying another pupil on a trial or test. 30 old ages subsequently. the per centum had risen to 52. Adding to that was a quadruplicate addition in the usage of cot notes. which was from 6 to 27 per centum. Accustomed to this addition in rip offing. it would be a good thought for administrative functionaries to diminish the codification of behavior and besides carefully supervise tests when they are taken. Another illustration is about half of the pupils William Bower surveyed on 17 campuses with no codification of behavior. reported merely of one or more austere of rip offing on trials or test. What made it even more breathtaking was the pupils who admitted to rip off on a trial or exam more than 3 times. There may be systems that may or may non work on all campuses which already have steady codifications of behavior. there’s non much that helps those who don’t have. While I was go toing my old school I witnessed countless times where my friends did fix for a trial or test. so they had to fall back to rip offing. From firsthand I saw that rip offing wasn’t traveling to acquire me anyplace. Even though I realized rip offing wasn’t making anything for me I still continued to make it. I recall a clip when I got caught rip offing on a concluding test for my psychological science category back in high school. As a consequence of that the codification of behavior was enhanced more to the point where if any pupil was to caught rip offing once more they would be covering with the principal. Many pupils in this twenty-four hours and clip darnel chiefly because of their attitudes towards school. The ground why they act like that is because they merely have no involvement in fostering their academic calling. To be specific from in-between school on up to college wish to merely travel to school and expect to hold a great clip and non make any work. Chiefly in high schools rational larceny is committed often. Its despairing how instructors do non detect that their pupils are stealing work the their schoolmates. In a manner instructors are leting for other pupils to plagiarise. because they are non making their occupation. It is non merely a instructors occupation to learn but besides to maintain path of your pupils while they are working in the schoolroom. Parents besides play large portion in academic dishonesty. they should be the 1s stating their kid do non plagiarise and etc. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ( for those who in in-between school to high school ) . As a parent they are non making their occupation because your kid is a contemplation of you. so when instructors look at your kid they assume this was they were taught. Which is to lie. darnel. and steal. Academic dishonesty takes on many different signifiers. as we all know it can be copying replies from a schoolmate. taking tests for others. holding others do your prep assignments. take place tests. and buying research documents online. The less conventional temperaments accommodate. acquiring trial documents prior to taking it. and fiction of quotation marks and other spoken written stuffs. Kenneth C. Petress up soaking up in plagiarism over the old ages. has raised a issue in moralss. persuasion. and interpersonal communicating for classs as a vehicle of direction. When pupils are approached with the topic of cheating/plagiarizing they tend to deny the fact that they have really cheated before. It is rare for a pupil to acknowledge that they cheated or plagiarized. Students use plagiarising as a manner of making good work so they will acquire a good congratulations. Some pupils are afraid of what the world would be if they did the work on their ain. that’s why they cheat or plagiarize because they want a good image of themselves in their academic calling. As an result when they get off with it one time they will go on to make it. and possibly if they pass on to a higher degree of instruction they will continue to their ways of rip offing at that place. All in all I look at it this manner if there isn’t a measure or jurisprudence passed I believe that the per centum of plagiarism will go on to lift. either manner pupils will happen a manner to acquire around the regulations and ordinances to perpetrate rational larceny. Plants Cited Clayton. Mark. A Whole Lot Of Cheatin’ traveling On. Pg. 1-5 Dad: January 3rd. 2013. Print Ph. D. Petress. . C Kenneth. Academic Dishonesty: A Plague On Our Profession. Pg. 624-625. Dad: January 3rd. 2013. McCabe. Donald and Trevino. Linda. Honesty And Honor Codes. Pg. 1-2. Dad: January 3rd. 2013.

Business Regulation Law

When an organization do not comply with the state and federal regulation the company can face fines or become caught up in major litigation, costing the company major expenses. In this memo I will identify common tort and risk found in the organization of Alumina, and describe different measures to manage risk. Some common torts found at Alumina are negligence, defamation/slander/libel, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), and strict liability is tort liabilities uncovered. Alumina Violation Alumina is an aluminum maker base in the United States and has operation in eight countries. The aluminum maker is on Lake Dira in the state of Erehwon. Alumina is under the jurisdiction of region six under the Environmental Protection Agency. A few years ago Alumina was found in violation with the Environmental Protection Agency for environmental discharge norms in an Environmental Protection Agency compliance evaluation. The PAH levels were above prescribe limits. Alumina was order to clean up the problem in which they complied too quickly. Because of this incident Alumina has maintain a good compliance record. Recently a resident name Kelly Bates claims that Alumina continuous contamination of Lake Dira with pollutants. Bates threatens to file a suit against the company for punitive damages and recovery damages. She believes that the incident that occurred several years ago is the cause of her daughter’s leukemia. Tort Liability A tort is a â€Å"civil wrong that is an interference with someone’s person or property such that an injury results† (Jennings, 2006, p. 367). Torts can be categorized as intentional torts, torts of negligence, and strict liability torts. Intentional torts are those that result in a harm not accidental. Torts of negligence are accidental harms that result from a failure to act appropriately in a given situation. Strict liability torts assign absolute liability and offer very few defenses. Defamation of Character A company or a person reputation is a valuable asset. The tort of defamation of character requires that a plaintiff prove that: the defendant made an untrue statement about the plaintiff or the statement was intentionally published by a third party (Cheeseman, 2010). Written False statements are referred to as libel and verbal statement are referred to as slander. Bates made a libel statement in the newspaper about Alumina and the violation that occurred years ago. This defamation can have a negative effect on the company. Alumina can lose business with a bad reputation and once the reputation has gone sour it is hard to reclaim the good name. Freedom of Information Act A local news reporter and Kelly Bates approached the EPA to obtain environmental audit reports that documented Alumina violation of the Clean Water Act. Bates requested the documents under the Freedom of Information Act; this act was enacted in Congress in 1966 to the American public great access to the Federal Government records (Federal Communication Commission, 2010) . The Company chooses to release partial audit information from the violation from years ago. Alumina has the right to withhold informational this qualifies under the Confidential Business Information, which is available under exemption four of the Freedom of information Act. Strict liability Negligence and Strict liability Negligence, the most common tort, is explained as conduct that falls below standards of behavior established by the law for the protection others against unreasonable risk harm (Cheeseman, 2010). In this case of negligence Bates must prove that Alumina had a duty to keep the PAH levels contained. In a case Alumina breaches that duty by not staying in compliance with the EPA regulation several years ago. Bates assumes that the consumption of the water cause the harm of her daughter to have leukemia. In response Alumina chose to conduct an independent site study for new violations. The reports come back good the PAH levels were well below the standard. After releasing a partial audit report Bates has threaten to file a lawsuit against Alumina of personal injury to recover compensation and punitive damages. Alumina negligent conduct of â€Å"serious violation of environmental laws five years ago is the cause of her daughter leukemia,† alleged by Bates (Business Regulations Simulation, 2010). The best resolution for this situation is mediation by a neutral third party, by choosing this options Alumina can provide Bates with a confidential settlement. The settlement includes that Alumina provides Bates with reimbursement of medical expenses for her daughter treatment a lump sum for future treatments and a college fund set aside if her daughters recovers from the leukemia (Business Regulations Simulation, 2010). Although tort liability is founded on intended harm strict liability is attached even though the defendant has been reasonable. In the Article titled â€Å" The American Influence on Canadian Tort Law† author Allen M. Linden states â€Å" One person may be require to compensate another for injury or damages even though the loss was neither intentionally or negligently inflicted. If Alumina had taken the case to court, the company would have been in a long litigation process costing the company thousands and even millions of dollar. The mediation process is half the cost of a court trial and there is no guarantee that the jury would agree with Alumina even though the company may have had proof that the allegation against the company was false. The jury tends to side with the victims. Preventative, Detective, and Corrective Measures In an organization it will be hard to prevent allegation against the company, but the company needs to prepare for such issues when they arise. A preventative plan should be put into place. The company should make it a priority that the employees of the company aware of the rules and regulations of the state and federal laws. The company should be aware of the competitors who have violated any government regulations and improve their process so that the company will not violate the same regulations as the competition. Health risk that may be exposes to the staff, customers, and other should be included in the document also. Conclusion Alumina has to abide by state and federal rules these laws are in place to improve environmental safety. The agency that regulates Alumina was the Environmental Protection Agency this agency enforces environmental laws. Alumina has to be aware and comply with the state and federal regulations at all-time or it can affect the business a great deal. Maintaining a positive image in the community is also important when a crisis occurs the support of the community can be a big help in determine issues. The decision mage by Alumina were wise, the company took the right approach to maintain its good name in the community and the competitive market and save cost on litigation. Business Regulation Law When an organization do not comply with the state and federal regulation the company can face fines or become caught up in major litigation, costing the company major expenses. In this memo I will identify common tort and risk found in the organization of Alumina, and describe different measures to manage risk. Some common torts found at Alumina are negligence, defamation/slander/libel, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), and strict liability is tort liabilities uncovered. Alumina Violation Alumina is an aluminum maker base in the United States and has operation in eight countries. The aluminum maker is on Lake Dira in the state of Erehwon. Alumina is under the jurisdiction of region six under the Environmental Protection Agency. A few years ago Alumina was found in violation with the Environmental Protection Agency for environmental discharge norms in an Environmental Protection Agency compliance evaluation. The PAH levels were above prescribe limits. Alumina was order to clean up the problem in which they complied too quickly. Because of this incident Alumina has maintain a good compliance record. Recently a resident name Kelly Bates claims that Alumina continuous contamination of Lake Dira with pollutants. Bates threatens to file a suit against the company for punitive damages and recovery damages. She believes that the incident that occurred several years ago is the cause of her daughter’s leukemia. Tort Liability A tort is a â€Å"civil wrong that is an interference with someone’s person or property such that an injury results† (Jennings, 2006, p. 367). Torts can be categorized as intentional torts, torts of negligence, and strict liability torts. Intentional torts are those that result in a harm not accidental. Torts of negligence are accidental harms that result from a failure to act appropriately in a given situation. Strict liability torts assign absolute liability and offer very few defenses. Defamation of Character A company or a person reputation is a valuable asset. The tort of defamation of character requires that a plaintiff prove that: the defendant made an untrue statement about the plaintiff or the statement was intentionally published by a third party (Cheeseman, 2010). Written False statements are referred to as libel and verbal statement are referred to as slander. Bates made a libel statement in the newspaper about Alumina and the violation that occurred years ago. This defamation can have a negative effect on the company. Alumina can lose business with a bad reputation and once the reputation has gone sour it is hard to reclaim the good name. Freedom of Information Act A local news reporter and Kelly Bates approached the EPA to obtain environmental audit reports that documented Alumina violation of the Clean Water Act. Bates requested the documents under the Freedom of Information Act; this act was enacted in Congress in 1966 to the American public great access to the Federal Government records (Federal Communication Commission, 2010) . The Company chooses to release partial audit information from the violation from years ago. Alumina has the right to withhold informational this qualifies under the Confidential Business Information, which is available under exemption four of the Freedom of information Act. Strict liability Negligence and Strict liability Negligence, the most common tort, is explained as conduct that falls below standards of behavior established by the law for the protection others against unreasonable risk harm (Cheeseman, 2010). In this case of negligence Bates must prove that Alumina had a duty to keep the PAH levels contained. In a case Alumina breaches that duty by not staying in compliance with the EPA regulation several years ago. Bates assumes that the consumption of the water cause the harm of her daughter to have leukemia. In response Alumina chose to conduct an independent site study for new violations. The reports come back good the PAH levels were well below the standard. After releasing a partial audit report Bates has threaten to file a lawsuit against Alumina of personal injury to recover compensation and punitive damages. Alumina negligent conduct of â€Å"serious violation of environmental laws five years ago is the cause of her daughter leukemia,† alleged by Bates (Business Regulations Simulation, 2010). The best resolution for this situation is mediation by a neutral third party, by choosing this options Alumina can provide Bates with a confidential settlement. The settlement includes that Alumina provides Bates with reimbursement of medical expenses for her daughter treatment a lump sum for future treatments and a college fund set aside if her daughters recovers from the leukemia (Business Regulations Simulation, 2010). Although tort liability is founded on intended harm strict liability is attached even though the defendant has been reasonable. In the Article titled â€Å" The American Influence on Canadian Tort Law† author Allen M. Linden states â€Å" One person may be require to compensate another for injury or damages even though the loss was neither intentionally or negligently inflicted. If Alumina had taken the case to court, the company would have been in a long litigation process costing the company thousands and even millions of dollar. The mediation process is half the cost of a court trial and there is no guarantee that the jury would agree with Alumina even though the company may have had proof that the allegation against the company was false. The jury tends to side with the victims. Preventative, Detective, and Corrective Measures In an organization it will be hard to prevent allegation against the company, but the company needs to prepare for such issues when they arise. A preventative plan should be put into place. The company should make it a priority that the employees of the company aware of the rules and regulations of the state and federal laws. The company should be aware of the competitors who have violated any government regulations and improve their process so that the company will not violate the same regulations as the competition. Health risk that may be exposes to the staff, customers, and other should be included in the document also. Conclusion Alumina has to abide by state and federal rules these laws are in place to improve environmental safety. The agency that regulates Alumina was the Environmental Protection Agency this agency enforces environmental laws. Alumina has to be aware and comply with the state and federal regulations at all-time or it can affect the business a great deal. Maintaining a positive image in the community is also important when a crisis occurs the support of the community can be a big help in determine issues. The decision mage by Alumina were wise, the company took the right approach to maintain its good name in the community and the competitive market and save cost on litigation.

Critical Analysis- Good Country People Flannery O'Conner Research Paper

Critical Analysis- Good Country People Flannery O'Conner - Research Paper Example Despite being a PhD holder, Joy stays at home reading philosophical books in isolation since she is afraid to face the real world as a result of her poor sight and prosthetic limb. The philosophical assertion that ‘No man is an island’ can be used to explicate vital issues and events in the story. The short story is interesting in that Flannery OConner laid emphasis on isolation by employing the use imagery, conflict, setting, as well as characters (flat and round) mixed within the systems of Christian beliefs in redemption and evil. To begin with, the story is set in a Georgian farm. The farm is based in rural Georgia. This is a clear indication that the area is cut off from the big urban areas which are densely populated (Steep 303). The rural setting gives an isolation setting necessary for O’Conner to express her ideas easily and with ease. Additionally, the rural setting gave Joy the chance to go about her family’s farm in a yellow sweatshirt and six-year old skirt with a faded cowboy (O’Connor 313). Mrs. Hopewell’s house, especially the kitchen is also another important setting aspect. This is ascribed to the fact that it is where the two women, Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman, conduct their insipid talks (Bosco 291). Kitchens are normally considered to be the site of female domesticity, and this story is about women without men, till the appearance of Manley Pointer. Pointer’s aggressive intrusion into female isolation is demonstrated when O’Conner asserts that, â €˜he falls forward into her hall.’ The barn also depict isolation in the manner in which Manley Pointer hid Joy from other her mother and Mrs. Freeman. O’Conner has managed to use the isolated barn to show the Manley pointer’s true colors (Hubbard 64). Secondly, O’Conner has used imagery in the basic names assigned to her characters. The names are of importance since they clearly point out the stereotypical function assigned to

Equality and inequality in the American society in 1830s -1840s Essay

Equality and inequality in the American society in 1830s -1840s - Essay Example During this period, inequality was manifested socially, economically, and politically. Socially, different groups of American had unequal access to wealth, power, resources, and prestige (Atack, and Passell 67). Based on your gender, race, ethnicity, age, religion, and nationality, American society accorded favor to some groups. For instance, blacks and the minority groups were subjected to slavery and workmanship. They served the upper tiers Americans under exploitation and hardship. Besides, in the labor market, American employers practiced nepotism and wage discrimination especially to the minority groups including women, blacks and Hispanics. Inequality was further practiced in political and elective sectors. The minorities especially blacks had limited participation in electoral and democratic process of the United States. They were not allowed to actively take part in the electoral process, thus denying them their rights and freedoms. On the other hand, during this period, there was income inequality in the United States. Income and resources were unevenly distributed in the society with only 1% of the top social class owning more than 78% of the limited resources and wealth (Atack, and Passell 67). Changes in the labor market Until mid-nineteenth century, American economy was agriculturally dominated. The agrarian revolution period was characterized with low wages, wage discrimination, lack of labor unions, and force labor. However, after the moving from agricultural to industrial, the marker of the united states undergone transformation. The labor market moved from ‘force labor’ to ‘free labor’. These reforms in the labor market were pioneered by the social l egislation of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. Although labor organizations and the changes in the labor market were harshly received by the employers who had strong exploitative philosophy, the reforms were very beneficial to the working forces. As a result of the reforms, exploitation, low-wage, poor working conditions, lack of workmanship protection and compensation regime ended (Altonji and David 45). Besides, work place discrimination and inequality cases were negligent. The powers of the unions were reinforced, which in turn increased the collective bargaining power of workers and increased their rights, protection, and freedom. These reforms also reduced the wage disparity based on gender, race, color, age, or nationality. However, the transformation of the labor force from manufacturing to services led to a decline in industrial productivity. Massive immigration to the U.S in 1820s-1850s In the first half of the 19th Century, United States reported an influx in the number o f immigrants especially after the Civil War. Being beginning of industrial revolution, these immigrants were of great economic benefit to the United States as the immigrants worked long-hours at a relatively low wage rate. From 1820 to 1850, approximately 23 million people migrated to the United States for a various reasons. Some came as laborers, other came to seek refuge, and others came to serve as indentured servants while a small fraction of them came to attain higher education. As a common phenomenon in human migration, the ‘pull’ and ‘push’ factors are practically behind these increased cases of immigration to the United States. The ‘push’ factors which forced the immigrants to desert their original homes included famine, poverty, wars, military drafts, crippling taxes, and unemployment

Unearthing the Mystery of the Gifted with Learning Disabilities Essay

Unearthing the Mystery of the Gifted with Learning Disabilities - Essay Example This essay stresses that children may be given the intervention that is appropriate for his or her learning disability. Learning strategy instruction appears to hold great educational potential because strategy training emphasizes helping students learn how to learn and how to use strategies found to be effective in promoting successful performance of academic, social, or job-related tasks. Students need these skills not only to cope with immediate academic demands but also to address similar tasks in different settings under different conditions throughout life. They are resources for an individual to use, especially when faced with new learning situations. This paper makes a conclusion that the previous and ongoing research on the gifted with learning disabilities have a long way to go in terms of truly helping the students concerned. While intellectual giants are locking horns in identifying those deserving to fall under this criteria, time is running out and the students concerned are left to languish in regular school systems without the appropriate interventions to meet their specific needs. It is more important to focus on helping even those suspected to be G/LD to learn to both nurture their gifts and cope with their weaknesses to survive their condition. It is not to be forgotten that such individuals are not only made up of cognitive functions. Their emotional, psychological and physical well-being likewise needs attention.

Globalization And The Rise Of Multinational Corporations Marketing Essay

Globalization And The Rise Of Multinational Corporations Marketing Essay Is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. In the world of international business there are lots of strategic options which usually used to measure performance of the business, but here will be using Ansoff matrix on the four (4) strategic options preferable, although each strategic option has its risks involved. 1.1 Globalization and the rise of multinational corporations and branding According to Smith and Doyle (2002): A further, crucial aspect of globalization is the nature and power of multinational corporations. Such companies now account for over 33 per cent of world output, and 66 per cent of world trade (Gray 1999: 62). Significantly, something like a quarter of world trade occurs within multinational corporations (op. cit). This last point is well illustrated by the operations of car manufacturers who typically source their components from plants situated in different countries. However, it is important not to run away with the idea that the sort of globalization we have been discussing involves multinationals turning, on any large scale, to transnational: International businesses are still largely confined to their home territory in terms of their overall business activity; they remain heavily nationally embedded and continue to be multinational, rather than transnational, corporations. (Hirst and Thompson 1996: 98). 1.2 Advantage of globalization Increase competition Globalization has made the competition rises due to technology, most business people has knowledge on how to capture customers by introducing innovation which increase more advantage to consumers, competition is always good to consumers because of the decreases in the price. 1.3 Disadvantage of globalization Terrorism This is one of the disadvantages of globalization, in view of the fact that when different people gathered in one place can create violence, especially murder and bombing, which is not good for business and for country and the citizens. 2.0 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE GROWTH IN GLOBALIZATION 2.1 The liberalization of international trade The removal of trade barriers has been the source of increasing international trade and changes in customers taste and preference, there has been more freedom of importing and exporting the goods / services exchanged from one country to the other, not only that but also trade protection methods have been minimal such as tariffs and quotas. 2.2 Technological progress Technological advancement has also help to reduce international barriers, most likely the use of internet facilities has more power when it comes to doing business online, its very easy and it can also help to reduce cost of transportation and other fair of travelling. Nonetheless, not only the internet provide such access to consumers but there are such facilities which create product awareness for consumers to see and be able to demand those facilities which encouraged globalization including, application of mobile telephones, satellite communication such as DSTV, global media networks such as BBC, CNN, AL-JAZEERA and VIDEO-CONFERENCING, which helps to lessen barriers to the business such decreasing operating / production cost. 2.3 Cultural awareness and recognition This has increased more awareness and tastes to some consumers; for instance, in the movie industry there are now more recognition on Hollywood, Bollywood and even Nollywood (Nigerian movies) 3.0 THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON BUSINESS ACTIVITY Globalization can not only provide opportunity to business but also there are some risks/threats in it. 3.1 Increasing competition One of the effects regarding globalization is increasing competition in business, such as mobile phones, in China due to high demand of mobile phones they are now trying to imitate products of other mobile companies like Nokia just trying to compete with them, and yes here in Tanzania, there are very high demand regarding Chinese phones due to its affordable price. 3.2 Economies of location This is one of the positive effects when trying to produce more products on location which is much more cost effective due to power of producing in economies of scale within economies of location, like China is the best place to invest since the productions are likely to be more cheaper, that is, the amount to be paid to one America employee could pay almost ten employees in China, that is the reason as to why the whole world prefers China to be a production place. 3.3 Mergers, acquisitions and Joint Ventures, franchises These factors allows business to spread around nations due to the forces joined between one company / country or business just to make sure they grow-up and fasten, for instance Mc Donald has decided to join forces by franchising the business in the world, which is true, has definitely became well known in the business. 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE FOUR ANSOFF MATRIX MODELS ANALYSIS Globalization makes alliances an essential part of a firms strategy in order to stay competitive and to achieve superior performance. To better capture global opportunities, firms tend to cooperate with other firms to capitalize on and leverage their limited resources since it is impossible for one firm to do it all and do it alone. Similarly, in order to cope with increasing global competitive threats, firms are likely to form alliances .Based on the classical industrial organization perspective-the market power, firms form alliances to reduce competition and uncertainty. Through such cooperation, companies gain market power that helps alleviate competition and improve its competitive position. The decision to enter into a foreign market can be influenced by globalization which could be willingness of the business people, who are willing to go far just to make sure that they expand their market. There are several ways to enter into a foreign market by using the Ansoff matrix as follow:- 4.1 Market penetration (existing market, existing product) Market penetration is one of the strategies used in the existing customers just to make sure sales are increasing without pooling the product out of the market, nevertheless by using market penetration they could use more activities just to make sure that their existing product is well known around the world, for instance to start advertising in multinational countries just like Dutch advertises their products such as, yoghurts, shampoo, milk and even other products, by advertising even in our country they do create such opportunities for penetrating and creating more demand for those who did not have an idea about their products. This strategy not only penetrating the product but also struggling to retain the existing customer for such product because its not very hard to get customers but retaining those customers is very hard job thus, there are lots of strategies in the world of business one of them is marketing, just to make sure the business is well known. For instance Coca cola company has been doing some of the broadening on its own and some in partnership with other companies (Daniels et al, 2008, p.570) just to make sure the coca-cola brand is well known in the world. The coca cola company has gone so far as to test the market in Singapore, Toronto, and even have the coffee shops. Also Coca cola company has joint venture with Nestle for tea products outside the unites state and a joint venture with Cargill to develop a new sweetener to put into drinks (Daniels et al, 2008, p 571) 4.2 Market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives: Maintain or increase the market share of current products this can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to personal selling Secure dominance of growth markets Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors; this would require a much more aggressive promotional campaign, supported by a pricing strategy designed to make the market unattractive for competitors Increase usage by existing customers. For example by introducing loyalty schemes (Mike Morrison, 2011) 4.3 Market development (new market, existing product) This is one of the market strategies which involve moving the existing product further in international market so as to gain more customers from international market, not only going across or beyond the borders but also attracting new customers in the same product so as to gain more advantage and even to maximize sales. There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including: New geographical markets; for example exporting the product to a new country New product dimensions or packaging: for example New distribution channels Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments Exporting is example of one of the market entry modes, which use a direct sells, goods can be produced within a country and exported to a foreign countries just to capture new customers with the same products which sold in home country. Example of Coca-Cola when entered the Turkish market, it tried exporting from Turkey to Kyrgyzstan, the result unfortunately was a soft drink price of more than four times what it cost to buy a soft drink bottled in Kyrgyzstan itself.(Daniels et al, 2008, p 575) Product its likely to expand more to the foreign countries and have more customers than the home country, this is due to the fact that in the home country customers could change their taste and preference due to time factor, that could be one of the reason why selling abroad so as not to lose market share, at the same time that unwanted product can be re innovated so as to have customers in the home country, for instance, by trying to change packaging of the products, or even change the name. 4.4 Product development (existing market, new products) This is new products in existing market, this is happening when there is product innovation to address the same market towards ensuring that customers are being more satisfied with innovation of the product, this can be done due to so many reasons like: Product has just gone out of the fashion Didnt satisfy customers due to taste and preferences Globalization issues (Mike Morrison, 2011) When the product has just go beyond the fashion it was meant like, here in our country( Tanzania) there are some shoes which are in fashion at the moment, it seems that all women use to wear such fashionable shoes that is due to globalization technology, we can see on Television through DSTV and other fashion Television. Nevertheless this fashion keeps on changing when time passes they will change that fashion in the sense that in the existing market and customers with more fashionable shoes. Didnt satisfy customers due to taste and preferences in the sense that customers taste and preference keeps on changing due to globalization and free trade. Businesspersons can import and export more goods and services depending upon the needs and requirements basing on customers changing tastes to better reflect customers demand. For instance, Tanzania has green tea of its own, but at the moment there are many brands of tea from other countries with different tastes like lemon, tea and others. Therefore, customers might be attracted to shift from the old brands to the new ones. The business could succeed if there is use of one of entry modes like the coordination between two parties, could be two or more people, companies, or even two countries, joint venture can be formed due to numerous rationale like, technology sharing and product development, market entry for a certain county, and even in compliance for the country legal actions, for instance quotas, taxes and tariffs. For example in case of China, it wholly owns its concentrate plant but has joint ventures with various bottling plants, coca cola ownership in foreign bottling operations has became sufficiently significant that it has set up a bottle investment group within the country.(Daniels et al, 2008, p 570) Joint venture can be of useful for the matrix model for implementing those four strategies in order to persuaded market expanding, for instance developing new market to a foreign countries could diversify profit, and even product recognition like Mc Donalds burger king, is well known all over the world. Globalization issues, here meant that, since it is very free to do international business, the world has just been like a village, China can come in Tanzania and do business with Tanzanian, likewise, people between these two countries can not only do business but can also exchange so many things like ideas on what to do business, how they live in their own country, taboos, cuisine, dress code, these can definitely make customers want to experience the differences. 4.5 Diversification (new product, new market) This is where the market is completely new, and products to new customers. There are two types of diversification, namely related and unrelated diversification. Related diversification means that remain in a market or industry with which are familiar. (Mike Morrison, 2011) The diversification can be divided again into horizontal, vertical and lateral diversification. The horizontal diversification is the extension of the production programs. The vertical diversification is the sales stage stored by products pre order. The lateral diversification is the sales of completely new products, which are within the range of the technology and marketing in no connection. (Mike Morrison, 2011) Diversification is an inherently higher risk strategy because the business is moving into markets in which it has little or no experience. For a business to adopt a diversification strategy, it must have a clear idea about what it expects to gain from the strategy and a transparent and honest assessment of the risks This situation is likely to occur to several situations when moving internationally, diversifying is a good strategy because it help to improve sales by having Strategic Business Units (SBUs) because if one product doesnt respond positively in the market other products might perform better, and that can at least reduce failure of the other products because obviously there would be wastage of resources but can be covered to some extent., or even though business can be diversify by using international entry modes to create brand awareness. For instance, franchising This is one of the market entries which assist market expanding when need to go international, franchisor allow franchisee to use the name of the business so as to expand his/ her market share, this is tremendous fine due to the fact that one can have higher profit for the expansion of sells by using someone elses name and business formulae, For instance coca cola company, if franchise with them, they will surely provide formulae, then franchisee will only have to mix with water to have formulae complete. Another example is from Mc Donalds; franchisee should be provided with each and every aspect which will accomplish the meal with the same taste as if were produced by Mc Donalds company, though it is costly. Not only that but also they could even use licensing to which indispensable part when going global, as a means to penetrate into global market, so as to have legal when it comes to use property of your licensor, for instance intangible property such as patents, trademark, and production techniques. The licensee needs to pay fee to the licensor to be able to have the technique assistance if possible, there it will be possible for licensee to market his/her product by using the matrix model, like selling more of the products outside the home country and diversify the profit Conclusion Globalization controlling the world, the whole world has became such a small world, this situation made people to know good and bad due to expansion of technology, therefore applying Ansoff matrix tools when doing business is the most preferable way to do so since it well analyze how managers should behave when going international. APPENDIX 1.1 THE ANSOFF MATRIX FIGURE http://www.mindtools.com/media/Diagrams/AnsoffFig1.gif